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JPEG 2000 Part 2 (Extensions) jpf (jpx) File Format

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Format Description Properties Explanation of format description terms

Identification and description Explanation of format description terms

Full name ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004. Information technology -- JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions, Annex M: JPX extended file format syntax (formal name) JPEG 2000 jpf or jpx file format (common name)
Description Wrapper developed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) for still images using JPEG 2000 extended encoding for digital still images, as well as other encodings (specification p. 177). JPX_FF inherits features from its parent: JP2_FF, JPEG 2000 Part 1 (Core) jp2 File Format. JPX_FF images may be compatible with the JP2 reader specification (backwards compatible), thereby maximizing interoperability, or they may "completely defined" by the extensions in Part 2 of the standard and thus not compatible with JP2 readers.

The specification describes a baseline profile (pp. 168-69), a conforming JPX baseline reader would meet the following requirements:
  • Render wavelet compression, need not render other types
  • Render only one (or the first) compositing layer
  • Need not support compression extensions other than irreversible decorrelation transform and non-linearity transformation
  • Support for a specific set of color spaces
  • Support for fragmented codestream in first layer, so long as all fragments are in the file
  • Expects to find the JP2 Header Box in a specific location
  • Properly interpret opacity channel information
Support for georeferencing is provided via the GML in JPEG 2000 for Geographic Imagery (GMLJP2) specification from the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC).
Production phase May be used for content in initial, middle, and final states.
Relationship to other formats
    May contain J2K_EXT, JPEG 2000 Part 2, Coding Extensions
    May contain Uncompressed bitmap, not documented at this time
    May contain ITU-T "Group 3" FAX Compression (T.4), One Dimensional; commonly known as Modified Huffman (MH) encoding, not documented at this time
    May contain ITU-T "Group 3" FAX Compression (T.4), Two Dimensional; commonly known as Modified READ (MR) encoding, not documented at this time
    May contain ITU_G4, ITU-T "Group 4" FAX Compression (T.6). Commonly known as Modified Modified READ (MMR) encoding
    May contain JBIG_1, JBIG1 Bitonal Image Format
    May contain JPEG_DCT, JPEG Lossy (DCT) Compression Encoding
    May contain JPEG_LS, JPEG Lossless Compression
    May contain JBIG_2, JBIG2 Bitonal Image Format
    Has subtype JPEG 2000 Part 2 Extended File Format with JPEG 2000 (Part 2) Extended Encoding, Lossless, not documented at this time
    Has subtype JPEG 2000 Part 2 Extended File Format with JPEG 2000 (Part 2) Extended Encoding, Lossy, not documented at this time
    Affinity to JPH_FF, High-Throughput JPEG 2000 File Format

Local use Explanation of format description terms

LC experience or existing holdings None
LC preference The Library of Congress Recommended Formats Statement (RFS) includes JPEG2000 Part 2 as an acceptable format for photographs in digital form, other graphic images in digital form and 2D and 3D Computer Aided Design raster images.

Sustainability factors Explanation of format description terms

Disclosure Open standard.  Developed by Joint Technical Committee ISOAEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information in collaboration with ITU-T.  
    Documentation ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004. Information technology -- JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions, Annex M: JPX extended file format syntax. See complete list of ISO/IEC JPEG 2000 documents in JP2_FF.
Adoption Implementations of JPEG 2000 (especially J2K_C Part 1 core coding) are increasing. The compiler of this document is not aware of the extent to which JPX_FF is being implemented.
    Licensing and patents Licensing is associated with the encoding; see J2K_EXT
Transparency See J2K_EXT
Self-documentation All JPEG 2000 files are made up of "boxes," as described in the Notes below, including an XML box typically used for metadata. Regarding JPX_FF, Annex N of Part 2 of the specification provides detail about metadata and offers but does not require a specification based on DIG35 elements. This metadata specification includes four broad metadata categories: (1) image creation ("how," e.g., about the camera), (2) content description ("who," "what," "when," and "where"), (3) history ("how the image got to its present state," i.e., provenance metadata in the digital library lexicon), and (4) intellectual property rights (IPR) metadata (which may be used in conjunction with technological protection systems). Additional boxes inherited from JP2_FF include one for a unique identifier for the image or identifier-references to other digital objects, e.g., a UUID, and another for IPR metadata, possibly redundant with that included in the XML box. Support for georeferencing is provided via the GML in JPEG 2000 for Geographic Imagery (GMLJP2) specification from the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC).
External dependencies None
Technical protection considerations Like all JPEG 2000 file formats, JPX_FF provides an IPR box for rights management information that may be used as inputs to access management systems. The IPR metadata expressed in the XML box may be redundant.

Quality and functionality factors Explanation of format description terms

Still Image
Normal rendering Good support
Clarity (high image resolution) Depends upon encoding; see list in Relationships to other formats, above.
Color maintenance Rich support, detailed in Annex M of the specification. The color space of the decompressed image data is indicated in the Color Specification box inside the Header box, which contains the ICC profile when applicable. JPX_FF permits the establishment of enumerated color space values beyond sRGB, sYCC, and the defined grayscale space. ICC data in JP2_FFare limited to Restricted ICC profiles; in JPX_FF, any ICC method may be used. Other color maintenance features are inherited from JP2_FF, e.g., the Palette box and the Component Mapping box.
Support for vector graphics, including graphic effects and typography No support for vector graphics.
Support for multispectral bands Support is provided for what are called multiple component images; see annex J in the specification.
Functionality beyond normal rendering The JPEG 2000 family offers many extended functionalities, some of which grow out of the options of scalability offered by the various encodings, and which extend to the interactivity provided by JPIP, Part 9 of the JPEG 2000 standard; see JPEG 2000 Interactive Protocol.

File type signifiers and format identifiers Explanation of format description terms

Tag Value Note
Filename extension jpf
As specified by Annex M.2.1 of the specification.
Filename extension jpx
From The File Extension Source, also mentioned in https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3745.txt.
Internet Media Type image/jpx
From https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3745.txt
Magic numbers Not found.  Comments welcome.  Comments welcome
File type brand (ISO Base Media File Format) jp2\040 [jp2 plus the space character]
As specified by Annex M.2.1 of the specification: when compatible with the JP2 reader specification, place this value in the File Type Box (similar to the ISO_BMFF file type box).
File type brand (ISO Base Media File Format) jpx\040 [jpx plus the space character]
As specified by Annex M.2.1 of the specification: when "completely defined by" Part 2 (extensions) of the JPEG 2000 standard, place this value in the File Type Box.
Uniform Type Identifier (Mac OS) jpx\040
As specified by Annex M.2.1 of the specification.
Image header box (JPEG 2000)   Signifier for the encoded bitstream: 0=uncompressed bitmap; 1=for ITU-T T.4 "Group 3," One Dimensional, aka Modified Huffman (MH) encoding; 2=for ITU-T T.4 "Group 3," Two Dimensional, aka Modified READ (MR) encoding; 3=for ITU-T T.6 "Group 4," aka Modified Modified READ (MMR) encoding; 4=JBIG bi-level images; 5=JPEG encoding; 6=JPEG lossless encoding; 7=JPEG 2000 wavelet encoding (no specification part number indicated); 8=JBIG2 encoding; 9=JBIG images other than bi-level
Pronom PUID fmt/151
See https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/PRONOM/fmt/151.
Wikidata Title ID Q27979400
See https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27979400.

Notes Explanation of format description terms

General

The JPEG 2000 file format family includes:

  • JP2_FF, JPEG 2000 Part 1 (Core) jp2 File Format
  • JPX_FF, JPEG 2000 Part 2 (Extensions) jpf (jpx) File Format (this document)
  • JPM_FF, JPEG 2000 Part 6 (Compound) jpm File Format

The family is descended from QuickTime. This lineage is shared with ISO_BMFF and its offshoots, which include MP4_FF_2, MP4_FF_AVCE, and MJ2_FF, itself a wrapper for JPEG 2000 core-encoded images that represent sets of film or video frames.

From Guide to the Practical Implementation of JPEG 2000, cited in Useful references below: "JP2 was designed to be inherently extensible. The extended file formats that are defined in later parts of the standard all incorporate a degree of backwards-compatibility with JP2: for each extended format it is possible to construct extended files that also conform to JP2. (A JP2 reader would ignore any extensions that it did not understand.) Thus, the definition of JP2 in Part 1 can also be considered an implicit definition of an architecture known informally as the 'JP family' . . . . A JP family file is a sequence of 'boxes'. [These are called atoms in the QuickTime specification. -- ed] A box consists of a 4-byte length field followed by a 4-byte type field followed by the content of the box. The content is defined for each box type and may include boxes. A box whose content consists only of boxes is called a superbox. There are two special values of the length field. A value of zero means that the box extends to the end of the file. A value of 1 means that the true length of the box follows the type field (before the content) in an 8-byte extended length field; this permits boxes up to (264 - 1) bytes in length. The length includes the whole box from the start of the length field to the end of the content."

History  

Format specifications Explanation of format description terms


Useful references

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Books, articles, etc.

Last Updated: 11/23/2022